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buy canada goose jacket Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a substance produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, a noncancerous condition such as prostatitis, or an enlarged prostate. buy canada goose jacket
canada http://www.canadagoosecanadaoutlet.com goose black friday sale Most men have PSA levels under four (ng/mL) and this has traditionally been used as the cutoff for concern about the risk of prostate cancer. Men with prostate cancer often have PSA levels higher than four, although cancer is a possibility at any PSA level. According to published reports, men who have a prostate gland that canada goose outlet in canada feels normal on examination and a PSA less than four have a 15% chance of having prostate cancer. Those with a PSA between four and 10 have a 25% chance of having prostate cancer and if the PSA canada goose outlet florida is higher than 10, the risk increases and can be as canada goose outlet 80 off high as 67%. canada goose black friday sale
In the past, most experts viewed PSA levels less than 4 ng/mL as normal. Due to the findings from more recent studies, some recommend lowering the cutoff levels that determine if a PSA value is normal or elevated. Some researchers encourage using less than 2.5 or 3 ng/mL canada goose jacket outlet sale as a cutoff for canada goose outlet 2015 normal values, particularly in younger patients. Younger patients tend to have smaller prostates and lower PSA values, so any elevation of the PSA in younger canada goose outlet store montreal men above 2.5 ng/mL is a cause for concern.
Canada Goose Parka Just as important as the PSA number is canada goose outlet real the trend of that number (whether it is going up, how quickly, and over what period of time). It is important to understand that the PSA test is not perfect. Most men with elevated PSA levels have noncancerous prostate enlargement, which is a normal part of aging. Conversely, low levels of PSA in the bloodstream do not rule out the possibility of prostate cancer. However, most cases of early prostate cancer are found by a PSA blood test. Canada Goose Parka
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The test involves drawing blood, usually from canada goose outlet winnipeg the arm. The results are usually sent to a lab and most often come back within several days.
When Should I Have My PSA Levels Tested?
cheap Canada Goose The American Cancer Society says men should talk to their doctors about the benefits, risks, and limitations canada goose outlet in usa of prostate cancer screening before deciding whether to be tested. The group’s guidelines make it clear that prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood testing should not occur unless this discussion happens. They recommend that most men at average risk for prostate cancer start the discussion at canada goose outlet seattle age 50 and those with higher risk for prostate cancer should start the discussion earlier. cheap Canada Goose
The American Urological Association recommends that men ages 55 to 69 who are considering screening should talk with their doctors about the risks and benefits of testing and proceed based on their personal values and preferences. The group also adds:
Canada Goose sale PSA screening in men under age 40 is not recommended. Canada Goose sale
Routine screening in men between ages 40 and 54 at average risk is not recommended.
Canada Goose Outlet To reduce the harms of screening, a routine screening interval of two years canada goose parka outlet or more may be preferred over annual screening in those men who have decided on screening after a discussion with their doctor. As compared to annual screening, it is canada goose outlet england expected that screening intervals of two years preserve the majority of the benefits and reduce over diagnosis and false positives. Canada Goose Outlet
Routine PSA screening is not recommended in men over age 70 or any man with less than a 10 15 year life canada goose outlet official expectancy. Preventive Services Task Force, however, doesn’t recommend routine PSA screening for men in the general population, regardless of age. They say the tests may find cancers that are so slow growing that medical treatments which can have canada goose outlet houston serious side effects would offer no benefit.
canada goose clearance If your doctor is concerned that you might have prostate cancer based on either a PSA level or a rectal exam, a biopsy (a lab testing of a small amount canada goose outlet of tissue from the prostate) will be the next step. This is the only way to positively identify the presence of cancer. canada goose clearance
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Canada Goose Jackets Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or a noncancerous condition such as prostatitis or an enlarged prostate. Canada Goose Jackets
Age. Your PSA will normally go up slowly as you age, even if you have no prostate problems.
Medications. Some drugs may affect blood PSA levels. Tell your health care provider if you are taking finasteride (Proscar or Propecia) or dutasteride (Avodart). These drugs may falsely lower PSA levels typically by half of what it would normally be.
canada goose coats If your PSA level is canada goose factory outlet toronto location high, your doctor may recommend that you get a prostate biopsy to test for cancer. canada goose coats
Alternative PSA Testing
There are some new PSA tests that may help you and your health care provider determine if you need a biopsy. You should know that doctors do not always agree on how to use or analyze the results of these additional tests.
Percent free PSA. PSA takes two major forms in the blood. One is attached, or bound, to blood proteins and the other circulates freely. The percent free PSA test indicates how much PSA circulates free compared to the total PSA level. The percentage of free PSA is lower in men who have prostate cancer than in men who do not. Studies show that if your PSA results are in the borderline range (4 to 10), a low percent free PSA (less than 10%) means that the likelihood of having prostate cancer is about 50% and that you should probably have a biopsy. Some doctors recommend biopsies for men whose percent free PSA is 20 or less.
PSA velocity. canada goose outlet usa The PSA velocity is not a separate test. Rather, it is the change in PSA levels over time. Even when the total PSA value isn’t higher than 4, a high PSA velocity (an increase greater than 0.75 ng/mL in one year) suggests that cancer may be present and a biopsy should be considered.
Canada Goose online Urine PCA3 test. This urine test looks for a fusion of genes that is present in 50% of PSA tested men with prostate cancer. It’s another tool to determine if a canada goose outlet eu man may need a biopsy. Canada Goose online
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Although the PSA test is used mainly to screen for prostate cancer, it is valuable in other situations:
To guide treatment. Along with a doctor’s exam and tumor stage, the PSA test can help determine how advanced a prostate canada goose jacket uk cancer is. This may affect treatment options.
canada goose store To determine treatment success. After surgery or radiation, the PSA level can be monitored to help determine if treatment was successful. PSA levels normally fall to very low levels if the treatment removed or destroyed all of the cancer cells. A rising canada goose outlet los angeles PSA level can mean that prostate cancer cells are present and your cancer has come back canada goose store.
